Search results for " frontal cortex"

Evolution of Pallial Areas and Networks Involved in Sociality: Comparison Between Mammals and Sauropsids

2019

Birds are extremely interesting animals for studying the neurobiological basis of cognition and its evolution. They include species that are highly social and show high cognitive capabilities. Moreover, birds rely more on visual and auditory cues than on olfaction for social behavior and cognition, just like primates. In primates, there are two major brain networks associated to sociality: (1) one related to perception and decision-making, involving the pallial amygdala (with the basolateral complex as a major component), the temporal and temporoparietal neocortex, and the orbitofrontal cortex; (2) another one related to affiliation, including the medial extended amygdala, the ventromedial …

Auditory event-related potentials over medial frontal electrodes express both negative and positive prediction errors

2015

International audience; While the neuronal activation in the medial frontal cortex is thought to reflect higher-order evaluation processes of reward prediction errors when a reward deviates from our expectation, there is increasing evidence that the medial frontal activity might express prediction errors in general. However, given that several studies examined the medial frontal event-related potentials (ERPs) by comparing signals triggered by different stimuli and different anticipations, it remains an open question whether the medial frontal signals are sensitive to the valence of prediction errors. Here we orthogonally manipulated expectation magnitude (i.e., large/small expectation) and…

The what and how of observational learning

2007

Abstract Neuroimaging evidence increasingly supports the hypothesis that the same neural structures subserve the execution, imagination, and observation of actions. We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to investigate the specific roles of cerebellum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in observational learning of a visuomotor task. Subjects observed an actor detecting a hidden sequence in a matrix and then performed the task detecting either the previously observed sequence or a new one. rTMS applied over the cerebellum before the observational training interfered with performance of the new sequence, whereas rTMS applied over the DLPFC interfered with performa…

Surprise: Unexpected Action Execution and Unexpected Inhibition Recruit the Same Fronto-Basal-Ganglia Network.

2020

Unexpected and thus surprising events are omnipresent and oftentimes require adaptive behavior such as unexpected inhibition or unexpected action. The current theory of unexpected events suggests that such unexpected events just like global stopping recruit a fronto-basal-ganglia network. A global suppressive effect impacting ongoing motor responses and cognition is specifically attributed to the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Previous studies either used separate tasks or presented unexpected, task-unrelated stimuli during response inhibition tasks to relate the neural signature of unexpected events to that of stopping. Here, we aimed to test these predictions using a within task design with i…

Modulating phonemic fluency performance in healthy subjects with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left or right lateral frontal cortex.

2017

Abstract A growing body of evidence have suggested that non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can improve the performance of aphasic patients in language tasks. For example, application of inhibitory rTMS or tDCs over the right frontal lobe of dysphasic patients resulted in improved naming abilities. Several studies have also reported that in healthy controls (HC) tDCS application over the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) improve performance in naming and semantic fluency tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate in HC, for the first time, the effects of inhibitory repetitive TMS (rTMS…

Modality-independent recruitment of inferior frontal cortex during speech processing in human infants

2018

Despite increasing interest in the development of audiovisual speech perception in infancy, the underlying mechanisms and neural processes are still only poorly understood. In addition to regions in temporal cortex associated with speech processing and multimodal integration, such as superior temporal sulcus, left inferior frontal cortex (IFC) has been suggested to be critically involved in mapping information from different modalities during speech perception. To further illuminate the role of IFC during infant language learning and speech perception, the current study examined the processing of auditory, visual and audiovisual speech in 6-month-old infants using functional near-infrared s…

The Right Frontopolar Cortex Is Involved in Visual-Spatial Prospective Memory

2013

The involvement of frontopolar cortex in mediating prospective memory processes has been evidenced by various studies, mainly by means of neuroimaging techniques. Recently, one transcranial magnetic stimulation study documented that transient inhibition of left Brodmann Area (BA) 10 impaired verbal prospective memory. This result raises the issue of whether the BA 10 involvement in prospective memory functioning may be modulated by the physical characteristics of the stimuli used. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the frontopolar cortex in visual-spatial PM by means of the application of inhibitory theta-burst stimulation. Twelve volunteers were evaluated after inhibitory t…

Modulating fluency with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over right or left inferior frontal gyrus

2017

Objective In these last years, a growing body of evidence has already indicated that non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can modulate the language system in aphasic populations. The aim of this presentation is to investigate for the first time the effects of inhibitory rTMS over the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) on phonemic fluency tasks. Participants Sixty-six right-handed healthy participants participated in the study. Forty-four had administered offline low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS for 10 minutes and verbal fluency outcome measures were recorded. Twenty-two participants w…

Evaluating the role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on recognition memory with rTMS: evidence from healthy subjects and neurological patients

2010

Converging evidence from functional imaging and lesion studies suggested that a distributed neural network comprising the hippocampal formation, medial and lateral parietal regions as well as the prefrontal cortex is involved in episodic memory. Some findings suggested that successful memory formation requires the coordinated modulation of neural activity among these different cortical areas. It appears particularly important to understand the functional interactions between these regions during memory processes. My talk will be focused on the prefrontal contribution to verbal and non-verbal recognition memory and to familiarity and recollection processes. New evidence will be provided and …

The role of the prefrontal cortex in familiarity and recollection processes during verbal and non verbal recognition memory: a rTMS study

Neuroimaging and lesion studies have documented the involvement of the frontal lobes in recognition memory. However, the precise nature of prefrontal contributions to verbal and non verbal memory and to familiarity and recollection processes remains unclear. The aim of the current rTMS study was to investigate for the first time the role of the DLPFC in encoding and retrieval of non verbal and verbal memoranda and its contribution to recollection and familiarity processes. Recollection and familiarity processes were studied using the ROC and unequal variance signal detection methodologies. We found that rTMS delivered over left and right DLPFC at encoding resulted in material specific later…